1 m/s =18/5 km/h,

If a man travels different distances d1,d2,d3,
....... and so on in different time t1,t2,t3 respectively then,
Average speed

=total travelled distance/total time taken in travelling distance
=d1+d2+d3/ t1+t2+t3



Q2   If a man travels different distances d1,d2,d3,
and so on with different speeds s1,s2,s3, respectively then,
Average speed =  d1+d2+d3/(d1/s1)+(d2/s2)+(d3/s3)



If a distance is divided into n equal parts
each travelled with different speeds, then, Average speed




If d1 distance is travelled in t1 time and d2
distance is travelled in t2 time then,

d1t2=d2t1



If an object increases/decreases its speed
from x km/hr to y km/hr. to cover a distance in t2 hours in
place of t1 hours then [Here (t2 – t1) will be given].
Distance = [xy/ x-y] X  (t2 – t1)



If an object travels certain distance with the speed of
A / B of its original speed and reaches its destination
‘t’ hours before or after, then the taken time by object
travelling at original speed is



If a man travels at the speed of s1, he
reaches his destination t1 late while he reaches t2 before
when he travels at s2 speed, then the distance between the
two places is D =


[ (s1 x s2) / (s2-s1) ] x  (t1+ t2)



Time taken by 1st man to reach B after meeting 2nd
man at C is ‘t1’ and time taken by 2nd man to reach A after
meeting 1st man at C is ‘t2’ then:
=>Speed of 1st man  s1 / Speed of 2nd man s2=√(t2/t1)
=>Distance from A to B = s1t1 + s2t2




If both objects run in opposite direction
then, Relative speed = Sum of speeds.
If both objects run in the same direction then,
Relative speed = Difference of Speeds.
Time taken in meeting = Distance between them / RelativeSpeed






Let a man take ‘t’ hours to travel ‘x’ km. If
he travels some distance on foot with the speed u km/h
and remaining distance by cycle with the speed v km/h,
then time taken to travel on foot.
Time =(vt-x ) / (v-u )
Distance travelled on foot = Time × u



Q- If any one overtakes or follows another,
then time taken to catch or meet

=distance between them / Relative speed

or meet = (Speed of 1st traveller time ) /  (Differenc of  speeds)

Total travelled distance to catch the thief
= (Product of speeds)  x time / (Difference of speeds)



If a man covers 1/x part of Journey at u km/h, 1/y part at v km/h and
1/ z part at w km/hr and so
on, then his average speed for the whole journey will be


1 /  [(1/xu)+   (1/yv) + ( 1/ zw) ] 

majical , night ,  rahman , behind , bharat , 

election , khooni , chandapuri , game , diplomecy 

third children , rajan , baaru , shilpa , mayavati , 

koirala , krishna , 

hindi ,brail , susan ,upbhokta , kisan , garit ,pravasi 

parwat , akta , sikshak , daak ,  ballika ,  vridhjan 

paryavran ,   shanti , oozon 

aadra , matdaata , shiksha , baalika , yuva , hindi 

brail , sushshan , upbokta  , doud , sochalay , madhumay , 

ekta , khadya , baalika ,  daak , overshoot , doud , mount 

philistaan,, nizii , chabra , haz , rasan 

aware ,   khadya suchkank 

bs4 , 75  , 600 , pull , h2 , kossal , solar cycle , 

jaiv sansadhan 

cruse ,  apple , aie , bio dava 

280 , kocchhii,  gurugovind , tamilnadu 

panja , bio jet , 50 , carban budget 

swarna , kanpur , itihas , khelo , brail , bandar 

rosni , hindi word , tiger , 10% , madhumay 

matdan kendra , aarora , bhagwatgita , 

aabhasi , fish , dalfin , bandr 

smart , japan , inddoor , 1 lac cr

tess , chakra yuya , pragraj , 4g , rail koch 

gorrai , gurugram , luzon, canbara , korea , gn, pratapgarh ,
zaspar , sihor  koohar , gzb .

israel , lonwala, nur, jhajhara , gzb , oslo, oman , masinram ,mishra ,
mayapur  , kerala ,

asia media , cop 14 , namaste , cica , habitat sco, smart, zokhim
wt, swift , arakatik , aatankwad ,



konkar, indra , samudra , dharma , ibsamar , indra , sagarmatha ,
rastramandal , media , hakathan , ambubachi , leaderrship .


al-, sampriti , kobra , hand , indra , sinyu , cope , kazind , world food ,
 iictf, malabar, counter terrresrsm


un environment , london , rastria mahila , diyang , drone
yuva , jharkhand , vimannan , penorma , global skill


khir, central bank , divyang , nisastrikarar,
un , islamic , terrism nirodha , nugen , abu ,
nosaina , abhudhabi , gridteck,  2030



sahara , dikree , khumb , bycycle , chote vyapari ,
raksha kosh , fmd ,



bycycle , damanganga , vridhijaan , dagmara
card , circle , africa , kafi


medition , aero, internet, utrakhand , science ,
hindi , philosphy , horticulture , pawan , haryalii




opec , silk , lko, tourism mart , next , blue ,
sen francisco , unwto , liden ,   tourism mart  , gita



mumbai , dubai , tirror , icc , andman gn, dughola , sanghai
palao , kelang , sikkim


saharanpur , jhar, rai , godavri , sankalp , sunrise
imcor , simbecos , not us- not us



karang , dev , massori , pitooragarh ,
garur, thrust  , grup , bull  , vpn , mitra, carpet , afindex



mena , lima , jakarta , gandhinagaar. environment ,
maritime , safety , surajkund , petroteck , aasian

siksha , sangam , eco , miri koyal , atal , goo


miri , acqa ,  gk , vaan , talcher , varansi , ebix , sikha



cso, nsso, isil ,ltte , jmb , nato , klf , himalaya
professional ,siksha


kazakhastan , cholmandalam , kaharagpur
influenza , iea , gem -sail , morroco , maldeev


bp-r&d , ccmb  , tb , ntpc , vausena , tamilnadu


kerala , andra , rajsthan , rudrakha , nepal ,
vsat


aayush , exchange , -2 , nabkons , sri , pessa ,
ind-aus


sangha , nise , upsc , adobe , adb , core investment


devendra , kirit , msme ,corporate , harshvardhan , offshore ,
min , anup



pahli baar , chitiz , jaal ,  virasat , padm , tata ,
aiib , fb , iisc


indra, biyty , winning , patient ,  talk ,
spectrum , gods ,  unstopable , 1991, nandan
pranab , stifin, satya , ganguly , basu , yogi



didi , refugee , 70 , wonder, milk , modi ,
story , obama , nAydu , prti , vvs ,ghuha ,
singham , news , dhoni  , games

dr, gates , nishanka , mallala , besaram , oogarh ,
merchant , 2 baba , imprefect , modi
jately , lands , 29, changing rular , cm , delhi

corruption  निरोधक अधिनियम 

1. कब पारित हुआ ? 
2. क्या प्रतिस्थापित कर क्या जोड़े ?
3. कारावास कितना ?

१- २४ जुलाई २०१८ 

२- १९८८ की 7 की जगह (17 ,18, 29) - A   जोड़ी गयी। 

३- 3  से ७ वर्से 

sc/st संसोधन अधिनियम -

1. किसी आवश्यकता नहीं रही?
2. किस मामले में निर्णय ?
3. सुरुवाती जांच कितने दिने में होगी?
4. किसकी  सहमति की जरूरत ?

1-

2-

3-

4-

दिवाला और सोधन अछमता   अधीनियम 

१- कब से प्रभावी ?

२-घर खरीदारों को किस रूप में मान्यता ?

३-इससे क्या होगा?

४- घर खरीदारों किस धारा का प्रयोग कर सकते अब?

१-6 जून से 

२-financial creditors

3-commitee of creditors   में वांछित प्रतिनिधित्व 

४-धारा ७ 

अनुचित मुकदमा  पर विधि आयोग की रिपोर्ट 

१-रिपोर्ट का शीर्षक क्या था ?

२-किस  मुक़दमे में चिंता व्यक्त ?

३- किस रूप में पहचान की ?

१-30AUGUST->[WRONGFUL PROSECUTION (MISCARAIGE OF JUSTICE): LEGAL REMEDIES]

2-बबलू चौहान बनाम दिल्ली सर्कार 

३-न्याय की विफलता -> मुद्रिक गैर मुद्रिक मुवाबजा 

विशेष आर्थिक AREA अधिनियम 

किस धारा में संसोधन ?

धारा 2 (V ) 2005  -> केंद्र सर्कार द्वारा अधिसूचित ट्रस्ट या कोई  संशता में अपने इकाई स्थापित  अनुमति के  बारे में विचार करने की पात्र  होंगी। 

जलियावाला बाग राष्ट्रीय स्मारक विधेयक 

संयुक्त राष्ट्र राज्य नहीं : दिल्ली उच्चा न्यायलय 

दिल्ली उच्च न्यायालय ने फैसला दिया है कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 12 के तहत एक राज्य नहीं है और संविधान के अनुच्छेद 226 के तहत अपने अधिकार क्षेत्र के लिए उत्तरदायी नहीं है।

मामले की पृष्ठभूमि:



न्यायमूर्ति सुरेश कुमार कैत ने संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के एक पूर्व कर्मचारी द्वारा दायर एक याचिका को स्थगित करते हुए निर्णय दिया, जो कदाचार का दोषी पाया गया था।



संजय बहल, एक अमेरिकी फेडरल कोर्ट द्वारा दोषी ठहराए गए और 97 महीनों के कारावास और दो साल की अनिवार्य परिवीक्षा के लिए सजा सुनाई गई, मई 2014 में भारत को रिहा और निर्वासित कर दिया गया। अपनी याचिका में उन्होंने दावा किया कि उनके मामले में उचित प्रक्रिया का पालन नहीं किया गया था।



उन्होंने नवंबर 2018 में, विदेश मंत्रालय को एक पत्र लिखा था जिसमें नागरिक प्रक्रिया संहिता, 1908 की धारा 86 के तहत संयुक्त राष्ट्र संगठन (UNO) के खिलाफ कानूनी कार्रवाई शुरू करने की अनुमति देने की मांग की गई थी। प्रावधान में प्रावधान है कि एक विदेशी राज्य केंद्र सरकार की सहमति से किसी भी न्यायालय में मुकदमा दायर किया जा सकता है।

UNO एक राज्य नहीं:



मंत्रालय ने जवाब दिया कि भारत सरकार की सहमति के लिए UNO के खिलाफ कानूनी मुकदमा शुरू करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है क्योंकि यह एक विदेशी राज्य नहीं है और केवल एक आंतरिक संगठन है।



इसने कहा कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ और उसके अधिकारी संयुक्त राष्ट्र (विशेषाधिकार और प्रतिरक्षा) अधिनियम, 1947 के तहत प्रतिरक्षा का आनंद लेते हैं। इसने यह भी कहा कि अनुसूची, 1947 की धारा II के अनुच्छेद 2 की धारा 2 के अनुसार, UNO के पास हर प्रकार की कानूनी प्रक्रिया से प्रतिरक्षा है, सिवाय इनफोरार के किसी विशेष मामले में जैसा कि उसने अपनी प्रतिरक्षा को स्पष्ट रूप से माफ कर दिया है।

दिल्ली संवाद

1.   भारत और आसिआन के बीच 
2. ट्रैक १.५ डिप्लोमसी 
3. आयोजन-विदेश मंत्रालय + research and information system for devloping countries
4. थीम - भारत अस्सियाँ समुद्री सहयोग को मजबूत बनाना 
5. NE स्टेट्स के CM भी आये 

G 7  शिखर सम्मलेन 

1. 44 वें -> अध्यक्षता - कन्नडा 
2. स्थान - चार्लेवॉइक्स ,  क्यूबेक सिटी 
3. 6th बार मेजबानी 
4.  यूरोपियन आयोग अध्यक्ष JC जनकेर  और यूरोपियन कौंसिल  अध्यक्ष  डोनाल्ड टस्क 
5. G 6 +1 -USA से टकराव के वजह से कहा गया 
6. लेंगिग समानता सलाहकार परिषद् का गठन  जो G 7  को परामर्श  देगी 
7. 45 th  फ्रांस में 

Front of the flashcard!

Back of the flashcard!

biology

Humans have an estimated ________The largest known cell is an ______

1-[[100 trillion or 1014 cells. ]]  2-Ostrich egg.

In  _________ discovered cells in cork, then in living plant tissue using an early microscope.  First of all in ______, states that
all organisms are composed of one or more cells.

[[1- 1665 Robert Hooke]] [[ 2-1839 Schleiden and Schwann]]

In  _______  built first transmission electron microscope (TEM) at the University of Berlin and by
1935, he built an EM with twice the resolution of a light microscope, revealing previously-unresolvable organelles.

[[1931 Ernst Ruska]]

In ________, _____ made their first announcement
on the double-helix structure for DNA.
[[Each cell is at least somewhat self-contained and selfmaintaining: Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out every activities]][[1953 Watson and Crick]]

There are two types of cells,

[[eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are usually singletons, while eukaryotic cells are usually found in multicellular organisms]].




1. Prokaryotic Cells: Prokaryotes are distinguished
from eukaryotes on the basis of ______,
specifically their lack of a ______.
Prokaryotes also lack most of the intracellular
organelles and structures that are characteristic of
eukaryotic cells (an important exception is the
______, which are present in both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells).

1-[[nuclear organization]] 2-[[nuclear membrane]] 3-[[ribosomes]]

 Most of the functions of organelles,
such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgiapparatus, are taken over by _______.The _____ separates the interior of the cell
from its environment and serves as a filter and
communications beacon.

1-2-[[the prokaryotic plasma membrane]]


Most prokaryotes have a cell wall which acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces. It also prevents the cell from_______ from osmotic pressure
against a hypotonic environment. A cell wall is also
present in some eukaryotes like _____, but has a different
chemical composition. A prokaryotic chromosome is usually a_____ and the DNA is condensed in a
nucleoid.

1-exploding (cytolysis) 2-fungi 3-[[ circular molecule without a real nucleus]]


Eukaryotic Cells:

Eukaryotic cells are about 10 times
the size of a typical prokaryote and can be as much as
1000 times greater in volume. The major difference
between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotic
cells contain ________ in which
specific metabolic activities take place. Most important
among these is the presence of a cell nucleus, a
membrane-delineated compartment that houses the
eukaryotic cell’s ________
1-[[membrane-bound compartments]] 2-[[DNA.]]



It is this nucleus that gives the eukaryote its name, which means ______“true nucleus”.
The plasma membrane resembles that of prokaryotes in
function, with minor differences in the setup. Cell walls
may or may not be present.
The eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear
molecules, called ______, which are associated
with _________. All chromosomal DNA are stored
in the cell nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a
membrane. Some eukaryotic organelles also contain
some DNA.

1-chromosomes 2-[[histone proteins]]


Eukaryotes can move using ______ Their
_____are more complex than those of
prokaryotes.


1-[[cilia or flagella.]] 2-[[flagella ]]




Prokaroytic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

================================================




All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane, which envelopes the cell, separates its interiorn from its environment, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the ______ of the cell. Inside the membrane, a salty cytoplasm takes up
most of the cell volume. All cells possess DNA, ________ and RNA, __________such as
enzymes, the cell’s primary machinery.

1-[[electric potential]] 2-[[the hereditary material of genes,]] -[[containing the information necessary to build various proteins ]]


There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. The primary components of
the cell and their functions are as follows:
Cell Membrane (A cell’s defining boundary): The
cytoplasm of a cell is surrounded by a plasma
membrane. The plasma membrane in plants and
prokaryotes is usually covered by a_______ . This
membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its
surrounding environment and is made mostly from a
______. Hence, the layer is called a _____
bilayer.

1-[[cell wall]]2-[[double layer of lipids and hydrophilic phosphorus
molecules]]3-[[phospholipid]]


Cellmembrane has a variety of protein molecules that act as channels and pumps that move
different molecules into and out of the cell. The
membrane is said to be ‘semi-permeable’. Cell surface membranes also contain receptor proteins that allow cells
to detect external signalling molecules such as hormones.
Cytoskeleton (A cell’s scaffold): The cytoskeleton acts
to organize and maintain the cell’s shape; anchors
organelles in place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake
of external materials by a cell, and cytokinesis, the
separation of daughter cells after cell division; and moves
parts of the cell in processes of growth and mobility.
Eukaryotic cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments,
intermediate filaments and microtubules. There is a great
number of proteins associated with them, each
controlling a cell’s structure by directing, bundling, and
aligning filaments.



Genetic Material: Within a cell two different kinds of
genetic material exist: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
ribonucleic acid (RNA). Most organisms use DNA for
their long-term information storage, but some viruses
(e.g., _______retroviruses) have RNA as their genetic material.
The biological information contained in an organism is
encoded in its DNA or RNA sequence. RNA is also
used for information transport (e.g., mRNA) and
enzymatic functions (e.g., ribosomal RNA) in organisms
that use DNA for the genetic code itself.

mensuration imp questions

88. Three circles of radius 3.5 cm each
are placed in such a way that each
touches the other two. The area
of the portion enclosed by the
circles is
Radius of each circle = 3.5 cm
From the figure.
DABC will be an equilateral triangle
of side 7 cm each.
Now, the required area
= Area of DABC – 3× (Area of a
sector of angle 60° in a circle of
radius 3.5 cm)
=√3/4(7)2-3[(60/360) x 22/7 x (3.5)2 (cm)2

92 The area of the largest triangle,
that can be inscribed in a semicircle of radius r cm, is
The largest triangle inscribed in
a semi-circle will have base equal
to 2r cm and height equal to r cm
as shown in figure
Area =1/2 × base × height
= 1/2 × 2r × r = r2 cm2 
trisection=1/3


94a tringle is formed on the  half OF CIRCLE sUCH THAT ITS BASE IS DIAMETER OF THE CIRCLE .what will be the area of rest part. (1/2circle- traingle)
Let Radius of circle = a units
 Area of semi circle
=⊼a2/ 2sq.units
Both triangles D ABC and D BCD
are isosceles and equal.
Area of each triangle = 1/2 (a)2
Area of both triangles
= 2 (1/2) (a)2  =(a)2 sq.units
 Area of shaded region
=⊼(a)2/ 2-(a)2 sq.units


98. A 7 m wide road runs outside
around a circular park, whose
circumference is 176 m. The area
of the road is :
If the radius of the circular park
be r metre, then 2 ⊼r = 176
 2 × (22/7) x r = 176
 r =176 x 7/22 =28 metre
Radius of the park with road
= 28 + 7 = 35 metre
Area of the road
=22/7[(35)2 – (28)2]
=22/7× 63 ×7 = 1386 m2 

101 The area of a circle is increased
by 22 cm2 when its radius is increased by 1 cm. The original
radius of the circle is 
⊼(r + 1)2 – ⊼r2 = 22




Three circles of radius a, b, ctouch each other externally. The
area of the triangle formed by
joining their centre is
x= AB = a + b
y = BC = b + c
z = CA = a + c
 s =AB+BC+CA / 2
= a + b + c
Area of D ABC
= √s(s - x)(s - y)(s - z)
= √(a + b + c)abc




112
The area of the incircle of an
equilateral triangle of side 42 cm
is

Radius of in circle=a/2√3

=> 42/2√3

=>7√3Area of in circle = 22/7∗49∗3=462cm2

113. The ratio of the area of the in-circle and the circum-circle of a
square is Let the side of the square be 2x. Then radius of incircle = a Radius of circum-circle √[(a)2 + (a)2] = √2a

Ratio of area = ⊼(a)2:⊼ (√2a)2 = 1 : 2

114.The area of an equilateral triangle
inscribed in a circle is 4 3 cm2.
The area of the circle is
Area of tABC =√3/4× (side)2= 43
=>side = √16 = 4 cm
<BOD = 60°
< sin 60° =BD/OB
=>√3/2=2 /OB
OB=4/√3
 Area of circle = ⊼r2
=(16/3)⊼ cm2 

119 The sides of a triangle are 6 cm,
8 cm and 10 cm. The area of the
greatest square that can be inscribed in it, is
Here, 62+82 = 102
Hence, DABC is right angled
BD is perpendicular to AC
1/ 2 × AB × BC
 =1 / 2 × AC × BD
=>1/2 × 6 × 8 = 1/2× 10 × BD
=>BD =48/10=24/5
BD = diagonal of square
=>Area of square =24 x 24/ 2x5x5
´=576/50
cm2  

The area of a circle inscribed in
a square of area 2 m2 is
1st side nikalo incircle ka phir area
Side of square = √2 metre
Radius of in-circle
=  =√2/2metre
Area of the circle = ⊼r2
= ⊼/2sq. metre

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For the equilateral triangle of
side a,
In radius =
a/ 2√3
Circum-radius =a/√3

127. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle and a square is
inscribed in that circle. The ratio of the areas of the triangle
and the square is
Let AB = BC = CA = x units, then
AD =√ [(x)2 -(x)2/4]=(√3x/2)
=>OD =(1/3) AD =x/ 2√3 = radius ofcircle
=> Diagonal of square=  (2x/2√3) = x/√3
 Triangle : Square
=(3/√4) (x)2 : (x)2/ (2x3)

133The perimeter of a rectangle is
160 metre and the difference of
two sides is 48 metre. Find the
side of a square whose area is
equal to the area of this rectangle

Let the length and breadth of
rectangle are a and b respectively.
According to the question,
2(a + b) = 160
Þ a + b = 80 ...(i)
a – b = 48 ...(ii)
2a = 128 (On adding)
 a =128/2 = 64m
From equation (i),
b = 80 – 64 = 16 m
 Area of rectangle
= 64 × 16 m2
Area of square
= 64 × 16 m2
=>(side)2 = 64 × 16
 side = 8 × 4 = 32 m